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目录 第1 章 绪论 ······································································.001 1.1 背景和意义 ····························································.002 1.1.1 碳达峰与碳中和 ··············································.002 1.1.2 风电发展与弃风 ··············································.002 1.1.3 清洁供热目标 ·················································.005 1.2 供热技术的现状与问题 ·············································.007 1.2.1 现行规范 ·······················································.007 1.2.2 高温热媒与低品位可再生能源 ···························.008 1.2.3 热力站间接连接 ··············································.010 1.2.4 要求热泵出水温度高 ········································.010 1.2.5 无补偿冷安装难以真正实现 ······························.011 1.3 低碳清洁供热技术的途径 ····································.011 1.4 研究现状与分析 ······················································.014 第2 章 既有散热器低温运行存在的问题及解决方法 ··················.017 2.1 低温运行存在的问题 ················································.022 2.1.1 散热器面积的变化 ···········································.022 2.1.2 室内温度的变化 ··············································.028 2.2 低温散热器的应用 ···················································.033 2.3 室热系统的应用 ··········································.035 2.3.1 散热器和地板辐射串联系统 ······························.035 2.3.2 散热器和毛细管串联系统 ·································.037 2.3.3 散热器和谷电协调供热·····································.037 第3 章 既有供热系统转化为多能互补低温区域供热系统 ············.039 3.1 单管区域供热系统 ···················································.042 3.1.1 单管系统的循环泵 ···········································.047 3.1.2 热量分配 ·······················································.048 3.1.3 用户供回水温度 ··············································.048 3.1.4 单管系统的主要特点 ········································.049 3.2 双管区域供热系统 ···················································.050 3.3 三管区域供热系统 ···················································.052 第4 章 多能互补低温区域供热系统热源 ·································.055 4.1 基本热源 ·······························································.056 4.1.1 区域热力站 ·················································.056 4.1.2 低温核供热堆 ·················································.056 4.1.3 垃圾焚烧锅炉 ·················································.059 4.1.4 热电厂 ··························································.059 4.2 集中调峰热源 ·························································.060 4.2.1 生物质锅炉 ····················································.060 4.2.2 中深层地热能 ·················································.061 4.3 能源站 ··································································.062 4.3.1 布置在单管系统的双向能源站 ···························.063 4.3.2 布置在双管系统的双向能源站 ···························.067 4.3.3 布置在三管系统的双向能源站 ···························.071 第5 章 既有供热系统建设能源站设备的优化方法 ·····················.075 5.1 新建能源站系统配置 ················································.076 5.2 清洁供热系统的运行优化 ··········································.077 5.2.1 运行优化的目标函数 ········································.077 5.2.2 运行优化的约束条件 ········································.079 5.2.3 决策变量 ·······················································.082 5.3 能源站设备容量优化 ················································.082 5.3.1 设备容量优化目标函数·····································.082 5.3.2 设备容量优化的约束条件 ·································.084 5.3.3 设备容量优化的计算流程 ·································.085 5.4 能源站设备容量优化案例及讨论 ·································.085 5.4.1 综合计算条件 ·················································.086 5.4.2 遗传算法和模式搜索及其很优解 ························.088 5.4.3 热源各机组运行工况的对比分析 ························.090 5.4.4 分时电价和余热量的影响 ·································.096 第6 章 既有能源系统配置低碳清洁热源的优化方法 ··················.099 6.1 低碳清洁热源 ·························································.100 6.2 低碳清洁热源装机容量的优化模型 ······························.101 6.2.1 设备容量优化目标函数与约束条件 ·····················.101 6.2.2 区域能源系统机组的能耗计算 ···························.104 6.2.3 区域能源系能耗费的优化目标函数与约束条件 .107 6.2.4 优化计算流程 ·················································.111 6.3 低碳清洁热源设备优化配置案例 ·································.111 6.3.1 风电场风资源及风率 ·································.111 6.3.2 区域能源系统的电源和热源、电负荷和热负荷 ······.113 6.3.3 既有区域能源系统设备的供电、供热及系统弃风 ···.115 6.3.4 配置低碳清洁热源的区域能源系统的计算 ······.117 第7 章 供热管网动态蓄放热特研究·····································.121 7.1 供热管网的稳态水力工况和热力工况 ·····················.122 7.1.1 管网物理结构的数学建模 ·································.122 7.1.2 管网的水力模型 ········································.122 7.1.3 供热管网的稳态热力模型 ···························.125 7.1.4 热力模型求解流程·····································.130 7.2 一级供热管网简化热动态模型 ····································.131 7.3 供热管道蓄放热特研究 ··········································.133 7.3.1 等额供热控制 ·················································.134 7.3.2 管道蓄热特征 ·················································.135 7.3.3 管道蓄放热模式 ··············································.135 7.4 综合改变温度和流量的蓄热量计算 ······························.138 7.4.1 一级供热管网蓄热量计算 ·································.138 7.4.2 集热调节和管道蓄热 ·································.139 第8 章 区域能源系统热电协同优化调度 ·································.143 8.1 简介 ·····································································.144 8.2 热电协同优化调度 ···················································.148 8.2.1 目标函数 ·······················································.148 8.2.2 约束条件 ·······················································.150 8.3 热电协同优化调度目标函数的求解 ······························.152 8.4 热电协同优化调度相关参数的设定 ······························.153 8.4.1 一级供热管网管道动态蓄放热特征参数 ···············.153 8.4.2 风电机组日发率模式与逐时电负荷 ···············.153 8.5 热电协同优化调度的计算与分析 ···························.155 8.5.1 方案1 优化调度的结果与分析 ·····················.156 8.5.2 方案1 反调峰模式下的调度结果与分析 ···············.156 8.5.3 电热泵和管道蓄放热的风电消纳效果 ··················.163 8.5.4 组合方案4 各机组逐时热率分析 ··················.164 参考文献 ············································································.169

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