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本书采用通俗易懂的语言，介绍了钳工所需掌握的基本知识和技能。本书主要内容包括：划线，手动工具，电锯与锯床，手持工件磨削，钻孔、攻螺纹、套螺纹和铰孔，钻床。本书可供广大钳工使用，也可供职业院校和技工学院相关专业师生参考。

目　　录

出版说明

序

第

1章　划线·············································· 1

1.1　简介 ··············································· 2

1.2　划线液（划线涂料） ·································· 2

1.3　半精密划线 ················································· 3

1.3.1　划针············································ 3

1.3.2　使用组合角度尺划线 ·························· 4

1.3.3　中心定位尺 ·········································· 4

1.3.4　划规············································ 4

1.3.5　划线地规 ·············································· 5

1.3.6　圆锥冲和中心冲 ·································· 5

1.3.7　卡钳······································· 7

1.3.8　角度尺 ·················································· 7

1.3.9　划线平台 ·············································· 7

1.3.10　划针盘 ················································ 7

1.3.11　夹紧辅助工具 ···································· 9

1.3.12　方箱 ···················································· 9

1.3.13　平行垫铁 ············································ 9

1.3.14　V形块 ·············································· 10

1.4　精密划线 ··················································· 10

1.4.1　高度规 ················································ 10

1.4.2　精密角度划线 ···································· 10

1.4.3　游标角度尺 ································ 10

1.4.4　正弦规 ················································ 10

1.5　基本划线方法及数学应用 ·························11

1.5.1　正方形划线 ········································ 14

1.5.2　构建正方形的方法 ···························· 15

1.6　划线过程指南 ····························· 17

第 2章　手动工具···································· 18

2.1　简介 ················································ 19

2.2　螺钉旋具 ··················································· 19

2.2.1　十字槽螺钉旋具 ································ 19

2.2.2　一字槽螺钉旋具 ································ 19

2.2.3　偏置螺钉旋具 ···································· 19

2.2.4　内梅花头螺钉旋具 ···························· 19

2.3　钳子 ·················································· 19

2.3.1　鲤鱼钳 ················································ 19

2.3.2　尖嘴钳 ················································ 20

2.3.3　大力钳 ················································ 20

2.3.4　水泵钳 ················································ 20

2.3.5　钢丝钳 ················································ 20

2.3.6　斜口钳 ················································ 20

2.4　锤子 ················································· 20

2.4.1　圆头锤 ················································ 20

2.4.2　软面锤 ················································ 21

2.4.3　香槟锤 ················································ 21

2.4.4　尼龙锤 ················································ 21

2.4.5　皮锤···················································· 21

2.4.6　软金属锤 ············································ 21

2.5　扳手 ·················································· 21

2.5.1　呆扳手 ················································ 22

2.5.2　梅花扳手 ············································ 22

2.5.3　双头扳手 ············································ 22

2.5.4　活扳手 ················································ 22

2.5.5　套筒扳手 ············································ 23

2.5.6　水带扳手 ············································ 23

2.5.7　内六角扳手 ········································ 24

2.6　台虎钳 ······················································· 24

2.6.1　基座···················································· 24

2.6.2　钳口···················································· 25

2.7　夹钳 ··················································· 26

2.7.1　C形夹钳 ············································ 26

2.7.2　平行钳 ················································ 26

2.7.3　铰夹···················································· 26

2.8　弓形锯 ··················································· 26

2.8.1　锯条···················································· 26

2.8.2　弓形锯的使用 ···································· 26

2.9　锉刀 ····················································· 27

2.9.1　锉刀的分类 ········································ 27

2.9.2　特殊锉刀 ············································ 28

2.9.3　锉刀的选择 ········································ 29

2.9.4　锉刀的常用方法 ································ 29

2.9.5　锉削的技巧 ········································ 30

2.10　去毛刺 ·················································· 31

2.11　研磨料 ·················································· 31

第 3章　锯床············································ 32

3.1　简介 ····················································· 33

3.2　电锯与锯床 ··············································· 33

3.3　带锯机床 ··················································· 33

3.3.1　卧式带锯机床 ···································· 33

3.3.2　立式带锯机床 ···································· 35

3.4　锯条的特点及应用 ··································· 37

3.4.1　锯条材料 ············································ 37

3.4.2　锯路···················································· 39

3.4.3　齿距或 TPI ········································· 39

3.4.4　锯条宽度 ············································ 40

3.4.5　锯条厚度或规格 ································ 40

3.4.6　后角···················································· 40

3.4.7　锯沟···················································· 41

3.4.8　齿型···················································· 41

3.5　锯条的焊接 ··············································· 41

3.5.1　带长···················································· 41

3.5.2　焊接···················································· 42

3.6　锯条的装卸 ··············································· 44

3.7　切割速度 ··················································· 45

3.8　砂轮锯 ······················································· 46

3.9　圆形金属切割锯（冷锯） ·························· 47

第 4章　手持工件磨削 ···························· 48

4.1　简介 ··························································· 49

4.2　砂轮机的使用 ··········································· 49

4.3　砂带机和砂盘机的使用 ···························· 50

4.4　砂轮 ···················································· 50

4.4.1　磨料种类 ············································ 50

4.4.2　砂轮粒度（磨粒粒度） ······················ 51

4.4.3　砂轮尺寸 ············································ 51

4.4.4　 轮速 ············································ 51

4.4.5　砂轮的储存 ········································ 52

4.5　立式砂轮机的安装 ··································· 52

4.5.1　砂轮的粗略检查 ································ 52

4.5.2　砂轮的安装 ········································ 53

4.5.3　托架与调整 ········································ 53

4.5.4　挡屑板与调整 ···································· 54

4.5.5　砂轮修整 ············································ 54

4.5.6　砂轮磨损 ············································ 55

4.5.7　砂轮堵塞 ············································ 55

4.5.8　砂轮研磨 ············································ 55

4.6　磨削过程 ··················································· 55

第 5章　钻孔、攻螺纹、套螺纹和铰孔········································ 57

5.1　简介 ····················································· 58

5.2　钳工孔加工操作 ······································· 58

5.2.1　麻花钻 ················································ 58

5.2.2　钻削加工过程 ···································· 58

5.2.3　扩孔、锪孔和埋头孔 ························ 59

5.2.4　铰孔加工 ············································ 60

5.2.5　直柄机用铰刀 ···································· 60

5.2.6　手用铰刀 ············································ 61

5.2.7　铰刀的使用 ········································ 61

5.3　套螺纹与攻螺纹 ······································· 63

5.3.1　基本螺纹术语 ···································· 63

5.3.2　螺纹的型号 ········································ 64

5.3.3　攻螺纹 ················································ 65

5.3.4　圆锥管螺纹 ········································ 68

5.3.5　丝锥···················································· 68

5.3.6　丝锥的种类 ········································ 68

5.3.7　倒角丝锥的种类 ································ 69

5.3.8　丝锥的使用 ········································ 70

5.3.9　受损丝锥的退出 ································ 71

5.3.10　板牙的使用 ······································ 72

第 6章　钻床············································ 74

6.1　钻床简介 ··················································· 75

6.1.1　简介···················································· 75

6.1.2　立式钻床 ············································ 76

6.1.3　钻床的操控 ········································ 77

6.1.4　排式钻床 ············································ 78

6.1.5　摇臂钻床 ············································ 78

6.1.6　微型钻床 ············································ 79

6.2　钻床中的刀具、刀具夹紧及工件夹紧 ···· 79

6.2.1　简介···················································· 79

6.2.2　刀具材料的种类 ································ 79

6.2.3　钻头···················································· 80

6.2.4　铰刀···················································· 83

6.2.5　锪钻和扩孔钻 ···································· 85

Peter Hoffman（皮特·霍夫曼），于宾夕法尼亚技术学院获得副学士学位，通过了多项Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级 NIMS认证，并且在大专级别的精密加工技术比赛中，获得了2001年美国国家技术金牌， 2000年美国国家技术银牌。他拥有并经营着一家小型机械加工工厂。

Eric Hopewell（埃里克·霍普韦尔），拥有 25年的机械加工和教育领域的综合经验，于宾夕法尼亚技术学院获得副学士学位，于奥尔布赖特学院获得企业管理学士学位，于天普大学获得硕士学位，并获得宾夕法尼亚州职业教育永久资格证书。他也通过了多项 NIMS机械加工认证。

Brian Janes（布瑞恩·简斯），他的机械加工职业生涯已经超过了 20年。他具有在印第安纳州和肯塔基州的多个注塑模具公司进行机械加工工作的经验。他获得了工程技术专业硕士学位以及肯塔基技术教育项目年度奖励。

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前言

为了吸收发达国家职业技能培训在教学内容和方式上的成功经验，我们于 2007年

引进翻译了“日本经典技能系列丛书”。该套丛书通俗易懂，通过大量照片、线条图介

绍了日本的技术工人培训时需要掌握的基本方法和技巧，出版之后深受广大读者的喜

爱。为了更好地满足读者学习国外机械加工经验和技能的需求，我们从美国引进了圣

智学习出版公司出版的“美国经典技能系列丛书”。为了使内容更有针对性，我们将其

改造为四本书，分别是《机械加工常识》《图解钳工快速入门》《图解车工 /数控车工快

速入门》和《图解铣工 /数控铣工快速入门》。本套丛书是美国技术工人培训和学生入

门学习的经典用书，并且已经再版。本套丛书主要用于帮助读者对初级和中级机械加

工技术进行深入了解，从而引导读者在快速发展变化的工业环境中获得职业上的成功。

本套丛书的主要特色如下：

.阐述精密机械加工领域真正需要学习和掌握的知识。

.培养学生进入人才市场后所需的人际交往能力。

.涵盖本领域 新的职业信息和职业发展趋势。

.培养工厂实践能力。

.包含了详细的说明和例子，用图表的方式一步一步地向读者展示相关工具、设

备等的使用方法。

.用深入浅出的方式、通俗易懂的语言，深入地介绍需要掌握的基本技能。

.包含 新的数控方面的内容。

为了更好地向读者呈现原版图书中的内容，我们邀请了国内企业的技术专家和职

业院校的教师共同组成翻译团队，在翻译的过程中力求保持原版图书的精华和风格。

翻译图书的版式基本与原版图书保持一致，并将涉及美国技术标准的部分，有些按照

我国的标准要求进行了适当改造，或者按照我国现行标准、术语进行了注释，以方便

读者阅读、使用。原版图书采用英制单位，为了保持原版图书的特色，同时便于读者

更好地理解原版图书中的内容，翻译后的图书仍然采用英制单位。

在本套丛书的引进和出版过程中，得到了贾恒旦和杨茂发的大力支持和帮助，在

此深表感谢。